background: the goal of the present study was to report the results of two parallel works in which the incidence of fetal deaths and also congenital malformations among the progenies of the iranian chemical victims were studied. methods: the subjects were progenies of a randomly selected population from survivors of chemical attacks during iran-iraq conflict. totally 807 male cases ranged 18-85...

retinoic acid (ra) plays a key role in pattern formation along the major body axis and limbformation during vertebrate development. exposure to excessive retinoic acid (in uterus) generatescongenital malformations in limbs, craniofacial, cns, urogenital, heart, and axial skeletons. in thesestudies, seven groups of nmri pregnant mice were administered a single gavage dose of 100 mg /kgbody weigh...

Congenital cystic Adenomatoid malformation is a rare developmental abnormality of the lung occuring in 1-4/100000 live births.In most cases the outcome with CCAM in fetus is very good,while in some cases the outcome is very bad and can be life threatning for the fetus.we report here a case of 40 day old female infant who presented with worsening respiratory distress since birth and x ray and CT...

background the most common space occupying lesions of the fetal thorax are congenital diaphragmatic hernia (cdh), congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (ccam), and bronchopulmonary sequestration (bps). although applications of prenatal mri have been vastly improved in the recent years, its use in the assessment of space occupying lesions of the fetal chest differs among centers. objectives...

malformations which occur during the development of the avian body organs can lead to structural and functional abnormalities. most defects are recognized at hatching, but some go undetected until somewhat later. the cause of the majority of animal congenital malformations is unknown. a significant proportion of congenital malformations of unknown cause are likely to have an important genetic c...

holt-oram syndrome (hos) is a developmental disorder inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern. affected organs are the heart and forelimbs with upper extremity skeletal defects and congenital heart malformation. in this study we present three cases of hos in the same family. in one of these three individuals we detected a transition of c to t (ctg-gtt, v205v) in exon 7 of the tbx5 gene. this ...

a 5-day-old female holstein calf was necropsied because of lethargy, recumbency and anorexia. at necropsy, multiple gross defects were evident in several organs, including unclosed sutures of skull bones, asymmetrical orbits, doming of the skull bones, hydrocephalus, hydranencephaly, cleft palate, brachygnathia, ventricular septal defect, mitral valve dysplasia and rudimentary lungs. on microsc...

background: extracardiac malformations can be seen in 20-45% of infants with congenital heart disease (chd). chromosomal abnormalities exist in 5-10% of patients with chd. the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of overt extra cardiac malformations in children with chd. methods: this descriptive epidemiologic study was conducted on 720 patients with chd referred to the pediatric cardi...

BACKGROUND Sequestration with associated cystic adenomatoid malformation is rare. A study was undertaken to determine whether pulmonary sequestration associated with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation has a more favourable natural history than that of sequestration without associated cystic adenomatoid malformation. METHODS An outline of the postnatal work up leading to the management...

in this report we introduce two cases of penile agenesis. the first case was a newborn with male appearance and a well developed scrotum containing two normal testes, but the penis and urethral meatus were absent. the bladder was connected to the rectum by an intra-abdominal canal. the second case was a premature newbron of 32 weeks, who died in the first day of life. in addition to penile agen...